Scientific exploration to reveal fundamental mechanisms of biology, disease, or behavior. Every other stage builds on basic research.

Connects basic science and human medicine. Here scientists apply discoveries made in a lab or clinic to understand the disease or disorder better.

Clinical trials with human subjects to test the safety, effectiveness, and outcomes of the new therapies, drugs or treatments.

The adoption of new therapies or treatments into clinical care for the general population. Identifies results of the clinical trial and gaps in care.

Researchers study health outcomes at a greater level to determine the effects of diseases and efforts to prevent, diagnose, and treat them.